2019-01-02 Updated after comments from Guy
2019-07-21 Updated after comments from Bastiaan
2019-12-14 Updated after comments from AlexWiseman & Nick
2020-01-03 Updated after email from Ron
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Prerequisites
- Raspberry Pi (tested with a Raspberry Pi 2 Model B)
- Micro SD card (2GB+)
- USB Hard Drive
Setup Pi with Raspbian
Install Raspbian Buster Lite on the SD card. Follow the instructions on the Installing images tutorial on the Raspberry Pi site. Then enable SSH. Insert the SD card into the Pi, plug in the USB hard drive, plug in a network cable, and power on the Pi.
Next set a static IP address for your Raspberry Pi. Depending on your setup, you can either set the Pi to have a manual ip address or have your router assign a static IP address.
Login to your Pi via SSH or old school with a keyboard & monitor. Run raspi-config to make any changes you want like changing hostname etc.
pi@timemachine:~ $ sudo raspi-config
And update your Pi
pi@timemachine:~ $ sudo apt-get update && sudo apt-get upgrade -y
Setup USB Hard drive
Install hfsutils & hfsprogs
pi@timemachine:~ $ sudo apt-get install hfsutils hfsprogs
Format USB hard drive to hfsplus. This will erase all data on the USB hard drive.
Note: this assumes your USB hard drive is sda2
pi@timemachine:~ $ sudo mkfs.hfsplus /dev/sda2 -v TimeMachine
Create mount point
pi@timemachine:~ $ sudo mkdir /media/tm && sudo chmod -R 777 /media/tm && sudo chown pi:pi /media/tm
Usb Time Machine 2 Download
Determine the UUID of your USB hard drive (sda2)
pi@timemachine:~ $ ls -lha /dev/disk/by-uuid
In my case the UUID is 6525d832-1a97-35a5-92a4-345253fcfd001.
Edit fstab to mount the USB hard drive
pi@timemachine:~ $ sudo nano /etc/fstab
and append this line (replacing 6525d832-1a97-35a5-92a4-345253fcfd00 with your specific UUID determined above).
UUID=6525d832-1a97-35a5-92a4-345253fcfd00 /media/tm hfsplus force,rw,user,noauto 0 0
It should end up looking something like this
Test that mounting works as expected
pi@timemachine:~ $ sudo mount /media/tm
should show a line like /dev/sda2 699G 300M 668G 0% /media/tm
Note: we are not automatically mounting this USB hard drive as mounting USB on startup can be flakey
Install Netatalk
Install prerequisites
pi@timemachine:~ $ sudo apt-get install netatalk -y
and ensure everything worked
Configure Netatalk
Edit nsswitch.conf
pi@timemachine:~ $ sudo nano /etc/nsswitch.conf
append mdns4 and mdns to the line that starts with hosts. It should end up looking something like this.
Finally edit afp.conf
pi@timemachine:~ $ sudo nano /etc/netatalk/afp.conf
Usb Time Machine 2000
and append
Launch the two services
pi@timemachine:~ $ sudo service avahi-daemon start
pi@timemachine:~ $ sudo service netatalk start Is there a fnaf 6.
Mount and start services on boot
Edit crontab
pi@timemachine:~ $ sudo crontab -e
and append
@reboot sleep 30 && mount /media/tm && sleep 30 && umount /media/tm && sleep 30 && mount /media/tm && sleep 30 && service avahi-daemon start && service netatalk start
Note: this mount / unmount / mount flow is required as HFS+ partitions may become read only if unmounted incorrectly. The 30 second sleeps give the USB hard drive time to spin up and become mounted before the avahi-daemon & netatalk services start
Connect to Time Machine
Connect to server
Login creds will be the same as your ssh creds on the pi
Note: default creds username: pi & password: raspberry
Open the Time Machine settings and you should see your new network time machine server
References: this is an updated version of a How to Geek article with some tweaks for flaky USB hard drives and updates for the latest packages.
Troubleshooting
Read only drive
If your drive becomes read only you can try either changing the permissions of the directory
sudo chown pi:pi /media/tm
or forcing fsck.hfsplus to check and repair journaled HFS+ file systems
sudo fsck.hfsplus -f /dev/sda1
